Design of ACE-Based neighborhood microgrid controller towards self-resilient net zero grid

Abstract

The sources of greenhouse gas emissions need to be replaced by renewable energy sources (RES) to reduce carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 and accomplish net zero by 2050, as proposed in the Paris Agreement. Microgrids have received wide attention in this regard. However, with the increase of RES-based microgrids, it has been noticed that when there is an excess generation or any power transaction between neighboring houses, the grid experiences instability due to unplanned and redundant power. To address this problem, in this paper, a fast power flow solution using the Newton-Raphson method is demonstrated, and a multi-variable controller is proposed. The controller is designed based on area control error where, with the help of the primary controller, the secondary control biases are found. The results validate that the controller is capable of maintaining generation with respect to load demand as well as smooth power transactions between neighborhood microgrids without affecting the grid. It is also observed that the controller takes minimum time to control the system. The power flow solution is executed in C++, and the controller design is carried out in Python. This paper is expected to contribute to establishing the concept of prosumer (producer-consumer) while keeping the grid stable and achieving the mission towards net zero carbon emission.