Electrokinetics of polymeric fluids in narrow rectangular confinements

Abstract

The flow of polymeric liquids in narrow confinements with a rectangular cross section, in the presence of electrical double layers is analyzed here. Our analysis is motivated by the fact that many of the previous studies on the flow of complex fluids tend to focus on highly idealized parallel plate channels, which are markedly different from the rectangular ducts, used in many experiments and devices. We consider the combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flows as well as the streaming potential resulting from a mechanically driven flow. We use two distinct constitutive relations to model the polymeric liquids, namely the simplified exponential Phan-Thien-Tanner (sePTT) model and the Giesekus model, both of which are non-linear viscoelastic models, capable of capturing the shear thinning behavior. We establish that the applied electric field may have a strong influence on the overall flow rate, which rapidly increases with the field strength as well as the extent of viscoelasticity of the fluid. Viscoelasticity and shear thinning behavior also enhance the streaming potential by several fold as compared to a Newtonian medium. We demonstrate that the aspect ratio of a channel has a bigger influence on the net throughput and the streaming potential, when the extent of viscoelasticity is relatively large. We illustrate that for sePTT fluids, the flow is strictly unidirectional, while for Giesekus fluids, secondary flows are inevitably present on account of their non-zero second normal stress coefficient. Although the electric field does not change the overall patterns of these secondary flows, their magnitude does depend on the imposed field strength for combined flows.