Explicit transformations of certain Lambert series

An exact transformation, which we call the master identity, is obtained for the first time for the series ∑n=1∞σa(n)e-ny for a∈ C and Re(y) > 0. New modular-type transformations when a is a nonzero even integer are obtained as its special cases. The precise obstruction to modularity is explicitly seen in these transformations. These include a novel companion to Ramanujan’s famous formula for ζ(2 m+ 1). The Wigert–Bellman identity arising from the a= 0 case of the master identity is derived too. When a is an odd integer, the well-known modular transformations of the Eisenstein series on SL<inf>2</inf>(Z) , that of the Dedekind eta function as well as Ramanujan’s formula for ζ(2 m+ 1) are derived from the master identity. The latter identity itself is derived using Guinand’s version of the Voronoï summation formula and an integral evaluation of N. S. Koshliakov involving a generalization of the modified Bessel function K<inf>ν</inf>(z). Koshliakov’s integral evaluation is proved for the first time. It is then generalized using a well-known kernel of Watson to obtain an interesting two-variable generalization of the modified Bessel function. This generalization allows us to obtain a new modular-type transformation involving the sums-of-squares function r<inf>k</inf>(n). Some results on functions self-reciprocal in the Watson kernel are also obtained.