Joining of Polymer Matrix Composites Through Friction Stir Processes

Polymer and polymer matrix composite materials are used in automotive applications owing to the high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the joining of polymer matrix composites is a challenging task due to the lower melting temperature, lower thermal conductivity, and agglomeration of reinforcements during fusion welding of these materials. Friction stir welding, a solid-state welding technology, is a suitable alternative for the welding of polymer matrix composites. The tool design, welding process parameters, and reinforcement content are some of the important factors that affect the material flow and microstructure in the welds. Several innovative modifications to conventional FSW, such as submerged FSW, heat-assisted FSW, friction stir spot welding, and friction riveting, have been suggested for defect-free welding of PMCs. Various weld properties such as tensile strength, hardness, shear bond strength, and impact strength have been studied for the FSW of PMCs. The weld defects have been analyzed and characterized. The numerical simulation of the FSW of PMCs has also been attempted by various researchers.