Diagnosing resistant microbial community via nanohybrids: a brief crosstalk

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial communities represents a critical threat to global health, necessitating innovative diagnostic approaches. Nanohybrids (NHs), which are composite materials combining the unique properties of nanomaterials with functional organic or inorganic components, have emerged as a transformative solution. This chapter explores the application of NHs in diagnosing resistant microbial communities, highlighting their exceptional sensitivity, specificity, and versatility. NHs enable diverse detection modalities, including electrochemical, optical, and nanoparticle tracking analysis, providing rapid and accurate identification of resistance markers. Their integration into point-of-care diagnostics and hospital infection control demonstrates their potential to address the limitations of traditional methods, such as delayed results and low sensitivity. The chapter begins by addressing the challenges posed by MDR microbes, including mechanisms of resistance and the shortcomings of conventional diagnostics like polymerase chain reaction and culture-based techniques. It then delves into the properties of NHs, emphasizing their functionalization, high surface area, and adaptability for biosensing applications. Key diagnostic platforms utilizing NHs are discussed alongside their real-world applications. Despite their promise, NHs-based diagnostics face challenges in scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory compliance. This chapter underscores the potential of NHs to bridge critical gaps in diagnosing resistant microbial communities, paving the way for more effective health care strategies.