Introduction to Sponge-Like Functional Materials from TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers

Environmentally friendly TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs), derived from wood biomass, are utilized for effective environmental remediation. These nanofibers possess carboxyl group functionality and exhibit ultrafine diameters of 3–10 nm, accompanied by high aspect ratios due to their significant length-to-diameter ratio. By employing TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as an oxidizing agent, these TOCNFs are produced from cellulose, ensuring their eco-friendly nature. In comparison to other cellulose-based fibers like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), TOCNFs are more eco-friendly. They incorporate appropriate cellulose-based polymers with cross-linkers which further enhance their performance and versatility. This chapter provides information about the introduction, synthesis, and application of TOCNF-based sponge-like materials in environmental remediation. TOCNF nanosponges have a great engineered structure and properties for the sustainable and eco-safe nanoremediation. However, these can also be helpful in the purification of air. This chapter focuses on the potential present as well as future applications of sponge-like materials from TOCNFs in the field of environmental remediation.