Sial and the Zo: understanding human-mithun relations in Sialkal Range, Mizoram

This study explores the multifaceted relations between the Zo people and the mithun (Bos frontalis), locally known as ‘sial,’ a culturally significant animal in Northeast India. Focusing on the Sialkal Range in Mizoram, the research employs participant observation, in-depth interviews, and secondary literature analysis to examine the deep integration of the sial in the Zo people’s socio-cultural life. Traditionally, the sial is considered a powerful symbol of social status, wealth, and cultural pride, playing a central role in rituals, marriage negotiations, ceremonial rites, and oral traditions. Its presence permeates daily practices and language, with place names like the Sialkal Range and oral narratives reflecting its cultural significance. The study also highlights the linguistic aspects of human-animal relation, including vocal calls and material interactions like salt offerings that strengthen bonds with the sial. Through its analysis of symbolism, customs, and ecological entanglements, the research underscores the sial’s role in shaping Zo identity and their perception of the natural world.